In the context of cultural heritage management, an archaeological survey is a key step in understanding whether a landscape contains cultural heritage and, if so, how to manage it. It typically starts with a desktop analysis of existing records, followed by field surveys where archaeologists, alongside representatives of the Traditional Owners, physically inspect the study area to identify visible heritage and develop site predictive models. The results of a survey can help determine whether further investigations, such as archaeological excavations, are required.

Excavation is typically part of a ‘complex assessment’ under a Cultural Heritage Management Plan, where archaeological excavations are needed. It may also be required post-approval or where there are salvage requirements. Excavations are undertaken in consultation with Traditional Owners and can range in scale depending on the heritage sensitivity. Archaeological excavations are also frequently undertaken on non-Aboriginal post-Contact sites.